Description
TL;DR: Three proposed systems for Bitcoin-denominated commerce when connectivity is absent, intermittent, or handled by autonomous devices.
About This Document
Alejandro Diaz describes Cashu ecash tokens relayed over ESP-NOW and Bluetooth mesh, with deferred settlement to the Lightning Network when connectivity returns. A second design uses BLE beacons for merchant discovery and NFC for offline token transfer. A third treats vending machines as autonomous Nostr participants that publish inventory, accept encrypted orders, process Cashu, Lightning, or zap payments, and report status under their own cryptographic identities.
Why Bitcoin People May Care
The paper is a defensive publication intended to establish prior art, not proof that all three architectures have been deployed or independently secured. It is nevertheless unusually concrete about hardware, transport, discovery, payment, and settlement. Bitcoin builders can inspect where offline bearer ecash ends and later Lightning settlement begins.
What You Receive
Purchase reveals the verified preserved PDF location for this document.
Document Details
- Title: Plaza: Offline Bitcoin Commerce, Mesh Payment Relay, and Agent-Native Vending
- Author / organization: Alejandro Diaz
- Year: 2026
- Language: English
- Document type: Technical white paper
- Pages: 39
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